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Net domestic migration rate by state

South Carolina has the highest estimate (12.0 per 1,000); New York has the lowest (-6.9 per 1,000). Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025, 2025.

Data year: July 2024–July 2025Source released Jan. 27, 2026Last updated Oct. 23, 2026NST-EST2025-ALLDATA

50 ranked states; DC and Puerto Rico appear as reference rows where the source supplies them. Highest does not mean best.

Lowest state estimate -6.9 per 1,000 New York
Highest state estimate 12.0 per 1,000 South Carolina
South Carolina: 12.0 per 1,000 Idaho: 9.9 per 1,000 North Carolina: 7.6 per 1,000 Delaware: 6.5 per 1,000 Tennessee: 5.8 per 1,000 Montana: 5.6 per 1,000 Maine: 5.2 per 1,000 Arkansas: 4.7 per 1,000 New Hampshire: 4.6 per 1,000 Nevada: 4.6 per 1,000 Alabama: 4.5 per 1,000 Arizona: 4.1 per 1,000 West Virginia: 3.6 per 1,000 Oklahoma: 3.5 per 1,000 Wyoming: 2.5 per 1,000 Georgia: 2.4 per 1,000 South Dakota: 2.3 per 1,000 Missouri: 2.2 per 1,000 Texas: 2.1 per 1,000 Indiana: 1.8 per 1,000 Kentucky: 1.6 per 1,000 Minnesota: 1.4 per 1,000 Wisconsin: 1.2 per 1,000 Washington: 1.2 per 1,000 Ohio: 1.0 per 1,000 Florida: 1.0 per 1,000 Utah: 0.9 per 1,000 Virginia: 0.7 per 1,000 North Dakota: 0.6 per 1,000 Oregon: 0.5 per 1,000 Michigan: 0.2 per 1,000 Kansas: -0.2 per 1,000 Nebraska: -0.2 per 1,000 Pennsylvania: -0.2 per 1,000 Iowa: -0.3 per 1,000 Mississippi: -0.3 per 1,000 New Mexico: -1.1 per 1,000 Vermont: -1.1 per 1,000 Rhode Island: -1.4 per 1,000 Connecticut: -1.6 per 1,000 Maryland: -1.9 per 1,000 Colorado: -2.0 per 1,000 Louisiana: -3.1 per 1,000 Illinois: -3.1 per 1,000 New Jersey: -3.9 per 1,000 Massachusetts: -4.7 per 1,000 California: -5.8 per 1,000 Alaska: -6.1 per 1,000 Hawaii: -6.2 per 1,000 New York: -6.9 per 1,000
Each dot is a state. The scale runs from the lowest to highest estimate; intervals are not shown here. Read about uncertainty.

State distribution and comparisons

The middle of the 50-state distribution is 1.0 per 1,000: the average of the 25th and 26th ordered state estimates. This treats each state equally, so it answers a different question from a population-weighted national estimate.

How does this compare with net domestic migration?

These states’ ranks change the most between net domestic migration rate and net domestic migration. These comparisons identify different questions worth investigating; a rank gap does not measure a causal effect or a statistical difference between unlike units.

StateNet domestic migration rateNet domestic migration
Montana5.6 per 1,000 · #66,348 · #24
Florida1.0 per 1,000 · #2622,517 · #8
Delaware6.5 per 1,000 · #46,855 · #21

Inspect these states, definitions and pairwise differences.

Values over time

All population history comes from Vintage 2025, including its revisions to earlier years. Ranks are recalculated among the same 50 states for each year.

The state-by-state view

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Ranked among 50 states; District of Columbia and Puerto Rico shown for reference. Rank 1 = highest value.

Net domestic migration rate · July 2024–July 2025 · People per 1,000 residents
RankState / jurisdictionValue90% margin of errorDifference from previous rank
1South Carolina12.0 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
2Idaho9.9 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
3North Carolina7.6 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
4Delaware6.5 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
5Tennessee5.8 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
6Montana5.6 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
7Maine5.2 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
8Arkansas4.7 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
9New Hampshire4.6 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
10Nevada4.6 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
11Alabama4.5 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
12Arizona4.1 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
13West Virginia3.6 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
14Oklahoma3.5 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
15Wyoming2.5 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
16Georgia2.4 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
17South Dakota2.3 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
18Missouri2.2 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
19Texas2.1 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
20Indiana1.8 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
21Kentucky1.6 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
22Minnesota1.4 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
23Wisconsin1.2 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
24Washington1.2 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
25Ohio1.0 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
26Florida1.0 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
27Utah0.9 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
28Virginia0.7 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
29North Dakota0.6 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
30Oregon0.5 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
31Michigan0.2 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
32Kansas-0.2 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
33Nebraska-0.2 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
34Pennsylvania-0.2 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
35Iowa-0.3 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
36Mississippi-0.3 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
37New Mexico-1.1 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
38Vermont-1.1 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
39Rhode Island-1.4 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
40Connecticut-1.6 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
41Maryland-1.9 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
42Colorado-2.0 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
43Louisiana-3.1 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
44Illinois-3.1 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
45New Jersey-3.9 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
46Massachusetts-4.7 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
47California-5.8 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
48Alaska-6.1 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
49Hawaii-6.2 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
50New York-6.9 per 1,000Not publishedNot a survey test
Ref.District of ColumbiaNot ranked among states-6.0 per 1,000Not publishedReference jurisdiction
Ref.Puerto RicoNot ranked among states0.0 per 1,000Not publishedReference jurisdiction

50 states plus 2 reference rows.

What this ranking measures

People moving into the state from elsewhere in the United States minus people moving out to elsewhere in the United States. Published annual rate per 1,000 residents, dividing the component count by the average of the July 1 starting and ending populations, then multiplying by 1,000.

Net flows do not count every arrival. Components describe demographic accounting, not the reasons for migration or a causal policy effect. Residual adjustments reconcile components to total population change.

The size of the gap

The difference between the highest and lowest state estimates is 18.9 per 1,000. The U.S. benchmark is 0.0 per 1,000. It is not a simple average of the states.

31 states have point estimates above the U.S. benchmark and 19 below it. These counts do not establish statistical significance.

How much should you read into a rank?

The Census Bureau does not publish margins of error for population estimates. “Not published” means uncertainty is not quantified here, not that the estimates are exact.

Ranks use the full precision of the source file, so only truly equal values share a rank (1, 2, 2, 4).

Keep exploring

Read the ranking methodology.

Explore the same states in a side-by-side comparison, or combine this measure with others in the custom ranking tool.

Source and method

Producer
U.S. Census Bureau
Product / file
Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 · NST-EST2025-ALLDATA
Period
July 2024–July 2025
Unit
People per 1,000 residents
Calculation
Published Census component rate: 1,000 × component count / ((starting July 1 population + ending July 1 population) / 2). Rank = 1 + number of eligible jurisdictions with a higher value.
Coverage
The 50 states are ranked. Washington, D.C., can be added with the toggle above the table; Puerto Rico is shown for reference only, where the source covers it.
Cadence
Annual. Next annual vintage; date subject to Census release schedule.
Independence
Rank the States is independent. The agencies that produce the source data do not endorse these rankings.

Download, cite, or embed

Download the default full table (CSV) or use the download above for the table’s current filter and order. Data dictionary and source metadata

Updates and corrections

Last updated Oct. 23, 2026. Earlier editions stay available on the data page, and every change is listed in the update log. If a number or definition looks wrong, report an error with the state, value, and source you checked.

Related rankings

State distributions: each mark is one state, from lowest to highest. Each row uses its own scale.

01

Net domestic migration

July 2024–July 2025 · Census PEP

84.1K North Carolina · highest estimate 02

Net international migration

July 2024–July 2025 · Census PEP

178.7K Florida · highest estimate 03

Net international migration rate

July 2024–July 2025 · Census PEP

7.6 per 1,000 Florida · highest estimate

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