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Net domestic migration by state

North Carolina has the highest estimate (84,064); California has the lowest (-229,077). Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025, 2025.

Data year: July 2024–July 2025Source released Jan. 27, 2026Last updated Oct. 23, 2026NST-EST2025-ALLDATA

50 ranked states; DC and Puerto Rico appear as reference rows where the source supplies them. Highest does not mean best.

Lowest state estimate -229,077 California
Highest state estimate 84,064 North Carolina
North Carolina: 84,064 Texas: 67,299 South Carolina: 66,622 Tennessee: 42,389 Arizona: 31,107 Georgia: 27,333 Alabama: 23,358 Florida: 22,517 Idaho: 19,915 Nevada: 14,914 Oklahoma: 14,492 Arkansas: 14,475 Missouri: 14,028 Indiana: 12,197 Ohio: 11,926 Washington: 9,238 Minnesota: 8,300 Maine: 7,406 Kentucky: 7,269 Wisconsin: 6,984 Delaware: 6,855 New Hampshire: 6,554 West Virginia: 6,408 Montana: 6,348 Virginia: 6,268 Utah: 3,343 Oregon: 2,228 South Dakota: 2,169 Michigan: 1,796 Wyoming: 1,474 North Dakota: 512 Nebraska: -366 Kansas: -519 Vermont: -726 Mississippi: -917 Iowa: -970 Rhode Island: -1,551 New Mexico: -2,267 Pennsylvania: -2,936 Alaska: -4,525 Connecticut: -5,945 Hawaii: -8,876 Colorado: -12,100 Maryland: -12,127 Louisiana: -14,387 Massachusetts: -33,340 New Jersey: -37,428 Illinois: -40,017 New York: -137,586 California: -229,077
Each dot is a state. The scale runs from the lowest to highest estimate; intervals are not shown here. Read about uncertainty.

State distribution and comparisons

The middle of the 50-state distribution is 4,806: the average of the 25th and 26th ordered state estimates. This treats each state equally, so it answers a different question from a population-weighted national estimate.

How does this compare with net domestic migration rate?

These states’ ranks change the most between net domestic migration and net domestic migration rate. These comparisons identify different questions worth investigating; a rank gap does not measure a causal effect or a statistical difference between unlike units.

StateNet domestic migrationNet domestic migration rate
Florida22,517 · #81.0 per 1,000 · #26
Montana6,348 · #245.6 per 1,000 · #6
Texas67,299 · #22.1 per 1,000 · #19

Inspect these states, definitions and pairwise differences.

Values over time

All population history comes from Vintage 2025, including its revisions to earlier years. Ranks are recalculated among the same 50 states for each year.

The state-by-state view

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Ranked among 50 states; District of Columbia and Puerto Rico shown for reference. Rank 1 = highest value.

Net domestic migration · July 2024–July 2025 · People
RankState / jurisdictionValue90% margin of errorDifference from previous rank
1North Carolina84,064Not publishedNot a survey test
2Texas67,299Not publishedNot a survey test
3South Carolina66,622Not publishedNot a survey test
4Tennessee42,389Not publishedNot a survey test
5Arizona31,107Not publishedNot a survey test
6Georgia27,333Not publishedNot a survey test
7Alabama23,358Not publishedNot a survey test
8Florida22,517Not publishedNot a survey test
9Idaho19,915Not publishedNot a survey test
10Nevada14,914Not publishedNot a survey test
11Oklahoma14,492Not publishedNot a survey test
12Arkansas14,475Not publishedNot a survey test
13Missouri14,028Not publishedNot a survey test
14Indiana12,197Not publishedNot a survey test
15Ohio11,926Not publishedNot a survey test
16Washington9,238Not publishedNot a survey test
17Minnesota8,300Not publishedNot a survey test
18Maine7,406Not publishedNot a survey test
19Kentucky7,269Not publishedNot a survey test
20Wisconsin6,984Not publishedNot a survey test
21Delaware6,855Not publishedNot a survey test
22New Hampshire6,554Not publishedNot a survey test
23West Virginia6,408Not publishedNot a survey test
24Montana6,348Not publishedNot a survey test
25Virginia6,268Not publishedNot a survey test
26Utah3,343Not publishedNot a survey test
27Oregon2,228Not publishedNot a survey test
28South Dakota2,169Not publishedNot a survey test
29Michigan1,796Not publishedNot a survey test
30Wyoming1,474Not publishedNot a survey test
31North Dakota512Not publishedNot a survey test
32Nebraska-366Not publishedNot a survey test
33Kansas-519Not publishedNot a survey test
34Vermont-726Not publishedNot a survey test
35Mississippi-917Not publishedNot a survey test
36Iowa-970Not publishedNot a survey test
37Rhode Island-1,551Not publishedNot a survey test
38New Mexico-2,267Not publishedNot a survey test
39Pennsylvania-2,936Not publishedNot a survey test
40Alaska-4,525Not publishedNot a survey test
41Connecticut-5,945Not publishedNot a survey test
42Hawaii-8,876Not publishedNot a survey test
43Colorado-12,100Not publishedNot a survey test
44Maryland-12,127Not publishedNot a survey test
45Louisiana-14,387Not publishedNot a survey test
46Massachusetts-33,340Not publishedNot a survey test
47New Jersey-37,428Not publishedNot a survey test
48Illinois-40,017Not publishedNot a survey test
49New York-137,586Not publishedNot a survey test
50California-229,077Not publishedNot a survey test
Ref.District of ColumbiaNot ranked among states-4,128Not publishedReference jurisdiction
Ref.Puerto RicoNot ranked among states0Not publishedReference jurisdiction

50 states plus 2 reference rows.

What this ranking measures

People moving into the state from elsewhere in the United States minus people moving out to elsewhere in the United States.

Net flows do not count every arrival. Components describe demographic accounting, not the reasons for migration or a causal policy effect. Residual adjustments reconcile components to total population change.

The size of the gap

The difference between the highest and lowest state estimates is 313,141. The U.S. total is 0.

How much should you read into a rank?

The Census Bureau does not publish margins of error for population estimates. “Not published” means uncertainty is not quantified here, not that the estimates are exact.

Ranks use the full precision of the source file, so only truly equal values share a rank (1, 2, 2, 4).

Keep exploring

Read the ranking methodology.

Explore the same states in a side-by-side comparison, or combine this measure with others in the custom ranking tool.

Source and method

Producer
U.S. Census Bureau
Product / file
Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 · NST-EST2025-ALLDATA
Period
July 2024–July 2025
Unit
People
Calculation
Published Census component; no transformation. Rank = 1 + number of eligible jurisdictions with a higher value.
Coverage
The 50 states are ranked. Washington, D.C., can be added with the toggle above the table; Puerto Rico is shown for reference only, where the source covers it.
Cadence
Annual. Next annual vintage; date subject to Census release schedule.
Independence
Rank the States is independent. The agencies that produce the source data do not endorse these rankings.

Download, cite, or embed

Download the default full table (CSV) or use the download above for the table’s current filter and order. Data dictionary and source metadata

Updates and corrections

Last updated Oct. 23, 2026. Earlier editions stay available on the data page, and every change is listed in the update log. If a number or definition looks wrong, report an error with the state, value, and source you checked.

Related rankings

State distributions: each mark is one state, from lowest to highest. Each row uses its own scale.

01

Net domestic migration rate

July 2024–July 2025 · Census PEP

12.0 per 1,000 South Carolina · highest estimate 02

Net international migration

July 2024–July 2025 · Census PEP

178.7K Florida · highest estimate 03

Net international migration rate

July 2024–July 2025 · Census PEP

7.6 per 1,000 Florida · highest estimate

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