Population change by state

Texas has the highest estimate (391,243); California has the lowest (-9,465). Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025, 2025.

Data year: July 2024–July 2025Source released Jan. 27, 2026Last updated Oct. 23, 2026NST-EST2025-ALLDATA

50 ranked states; DC and Puerto Rico appear as reference rows where the source supplies them. Highest does not mean best.

Lowest state estimate -9,465 California

Highest state estimate 391,243 Texas

Each dot is a state. The scale runs from the lowest to highest estimate; intervals are not shown here. Read about uncertainty.

State distribution and comparisons

The middle of the 50-state distribution is 15,864: the average of the 25th and 26th ordered state estimates. This treats each state equally, so it answers a different question from a population-weighted national estimate.

How much does natural change contribute?

These states’ ranks change the most between population change and natural population change. These comparisons identify different questions worth investigating; a rank gap does not measure a causal effect or a statistical difference between unlike units.

State	Population change	Natural population change
California	-9,465 · #50	109,715 · #2
New York	1,008 · #44	42,815 · #3
Florida	196,680 · #2	-1,333 · #40

Inspect these states, definitions and pairwise differences.

Values over time

All population history comes from Vintage 2025, including its revisions to earlier years. Ranks are recalculated among the same 50 states for each year.

Choose a state

The state-by-state view

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Ranked among 50 states; District of Columbia and Puerto Rico shown for reference. Rank 1 = highest value.

Population change · July 2024–July 2025 · People
Rank	State / jurisdiction	Value	90% margin of error	Difference from previous rank
1	Texas	391,243	Not published	Not a survey test
2	Florida	196,680	Not published	Not a survey test
3	North Carolina	145,907	Not published	Not a survey test
4	Georgia	98,540	Not published	Not a survey test
5	South Carolina	79,958	Not published	Not a survey test
6	Washington	73,062	Not published	Not a survey test
7	Arizona	67,394	Not published	Not a survey test
8	Tennessee	63,785	Not published	Not a survey test
9	Virginia	60,465	Not published	Not a survey test
10	New Jersey	41,861	Not published	Not a survey test
11	Ohio	39,889	Not published	Not a survey test
12	Indiana	38,579	Not published	Not a survey test
13	Utah	35,921	Not published	Not a survey test
14	Minnesota	33,000	Not published	Not a survey test
15	Alabama	30,033	Not published	Not a survey test
16	Idaho	28,861	Not published	Not a survey test
17	Nevada	28,645	Not published	Not a survey test
18	Michigan	27,922	Not published	Not a survey test
19	Missouri	26,997	Not published	Not a survey test
20	Oklahoma	25,530	Not published	Not a survey test
21	Colorado	24,059	Not published	Not a survey test
22	Kentucky	22,818	Not published	Not a survey test
23	Maryland	20,033	Not published	Not a survey test
24	Arkansas	18,711	Not published	Not a survey test
25	Illinois	16,108	Not published	Not a survey test
26	Wisconsin	15,619	Not published	Not a survey test
27	Massachusetts	15,524	Not published	Not a survey test
28	Connecticut	14,047	Not published	Not a survey test
29	Pennsylvania	13,584	Not published	Not a survey test
30	Nebraska	12,415	Not published	Not a survey test
31	Kansas	11,968	Not published	Not a survey test
32	Delaware	9,829	Not published	Not a survey test
33	Oregon	8,262	Not published	Not a survey test
34	South Dakota	7,984	Not published	Not a survey test
35	Iowa	7,933	Not published	Not a survey test
36	Montana	7,137	Not published	Not a survey test
37	New Hampshire	6,824	Not published	Not a survey test
38	Maine	6,436	Not published	Not a survey test
39	North Dakota	5,971	Not published	Not a survey test
40	Rhode Island	4,106	Not published	Not a survey test
41	Mississippi	3,988	Not published	Not a survey test
42	Louisiana	3,311	Not published	Not a survey test
43	Wyoming	2,031	Not published	Not a survey test
44	New York	1,008	Not published	Not a survey test
45	Alaska	733	Not published	Not a survey test
46	West Virginia	-1,255	Not published	Not a survey test
47	New Mexico	-1,276	Not published	Not a survey test
48	Vermont	-1,858	Not published	Not a survey test
49	Hawaii	-2,132	Not published	Not a survey test
50	California	-9,465	Not published	Not a survey test
Ref.	District of ColumbiaNot ranked among states	2,335	Not published	Reference jurisdiction
Ref.	Puerto RicoNot ranked among states	-17,686	Not published	Reference jurisdiction

50 states plus 2 reference rows.

Where population change comes from

Births minus deaths, net domestic migration, net international migration, and a residual reconcile the change between July 2024 and July 2025. Domestic migration counts net moves across state boundaries; international migration follows the Census population-estimates definition. A residual is an accounting adjustment, not another type of migration.

State	Births	Deaths	Natural change	Domestic net	International net	Residual	Total change
California	398,632	288,917	109,715	-229,077	109,278	619	-9,465
Texas	390,203	232,492	157,711	67,299	167,475	-1,242	391,243
Florida	225,971	227,304	-1,333	22,517	178,674	-3,178	196,680
New York	203,078	160,263	42,815	-137,586	95,634	145	1,008
Pennsylvania	126,981	137,689	-10,708	-2,936	26,921	307	13,584
Illinois	125,129	114,226	10,903	-40,017	44,752	470	16,108
Ohio	126,825	127,554	-729	11,926	28,505	187	39,889
Georgia	126,446	97,815	28,631	27,333	42,579	-3	98,540
North Carolina	123,046	107,917	15,129	84,064	46,890	-176	145,907
Michigan	99,680	104,678	-4,998	1,796	30,706	418	27,922
New Jersey	100,999	74,976	26,023	-37,428	53,064	202	41,861
Virginia	92,070	78,253	13,817	6,268	40,436	-56	60,465
Washington	83,368	66,138	17,230	9,238	46,202	392	73,062
Arizona	78,926	71,277	7,649	31,107	28,219	419	67,394
Tennessee	84,408	80,811	3,597	42,389	17,990	-191	63,785
Massachusetts	68,055	59,636	8,419	-33,340	40,240	205	15,524
Indiana	79,648	71,087	8,561	12,197	17,852	-31	38,579
Missouri	68,377	68,200	177	14,028	12,665	127	26,997
Maryland	65,090	53,646	11,444	-12,127	20,503	213	20,033
Colorado	65,380	44,772	20,608	-12,100	15,356	195	24,059
Wisconsin	59,167	58,006	1,161	6,984	7,260	214	15,619
Minnesota	62,576	50,505	12,071	8,300	12,486	143	33,000
South Carolina	59,681	59,117	564	66,622	12,930	-158	79,958
Alabama	57,680	59,868	-2,188	23,358	8,946	-83	30,033
Louisiana	51,886	49,112	2,774	-14,387	14,900	24	3,311
Kentucky	52,982	53,065	-83	7,269	15,709	-77	22,818
Oregon	38,334	42,098	-3,764	2,228	9,636	162	8,262
Oklahoma	48,603	46,044	2,559	14,492	8,420	59	25,530
Connecticut	34,700	32,417	2,283	-5,945	17,534	175	14,047
Utah	46,948	21,987	24,961	3,343	7,501	116	35,921
Nevada	32,511	29,460	3,051	14,914	10,551	129	28,645
Iowa	36,470	33,521	2,949	-970	5,903	51	7,933
Arkansas	35,414	36,638	-1,224	14,475	5,470	-10	18,711
Kansas	34,416	29,465	4,951	-519	7,440	96	11,968
Mississippi	33,168	35,775	-2,607	-917	7,451	61	3,988
New Mexico	20,235	22,120	-1,885	-2,267	2,879	-3	-1,276
Idaho	23,695	16,795	6,900	19,915	2,148	-102	28,861
Nebraska	24,396	18,260	6,136	-366	6,599	46	12,415
West Virginia	16,954	24,841	-7,887	6,408	244	-20	-1,255
Hawaii	14,631	12,607	2,024	-8,876	4,768	-48	-2,132
New Hampshire	11,911	14,078	-2,167	6,554	2,403	34	6,824
Maine	11,783	16,802	-5,019	7,406	4,040	9	6,436
Montana	11,348	11,438	-90	6,348	899	-20	7,137
Rhode Island	10,021	10,325	-304	-1,551	5,923	38	4,106
Delaware	10,328	10,882	-554	6,855	3,473	55	9,829
South Dakota	11,299	8,694	2,605	2,169	3,183	27	7,984
North Dakota	9,760	7,130	2,630	512	2,810	19	5,971
Alaska	8,867	5,559	3,308	-4,525	1,959	-9	733
Vermont	4,979	6,748	-1,769	-726	623	14	-1,858
Wyoming	6,070	5,775	295	1,474	258	4	2,031

Every state passes a reconciliation check: natural change + domestic net + international net + residual = total change. Counts favor larger states; compare the domestic migration rate and international migration rate per 1,000 residents for differences in scale. Source: Census PEP Vintage 2025.

What this ranking measures

Number of residents gained or lost from July 1, 2024 to July 1, 2025, calculated from Vintage 2025 totals.

Larger states can add more people while growing more slowly in percentage terms. These are net changes, not a count of people moving in.

The size of the gap

The difference between the highest and lowest state estimates is 400,708. The U.S. total is 1,781,060.

How much should you read into a rank?

The Census Bureau does not publish margins of error for population estimates. “Not published” means uncertainty is not quantified here, not that the estimates are exact.

Ranks use the full precision of the source file, so only truly equal values share a rank (1, 2, 2, 4).

Keep exploring

Read the ranking methodology.

Explore the same states in a side-by-side comparison, or combine this measure with others in the custom ranking tool.

Source and method

Producer: U.S. Census Bureau
Product / file: Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 · NST-EST2025-ALLDATA
Period: July 2024–July 2025
Unit: People
Calculation: July 2025 population − July 2024 population, within Vintage 2025. Rank = 1 + number of eligible jurisdictions with a higher value.
Coverage: The 50 states are ranked. Washington, D.C., can be added with the toggle above the table; Puerto Rico is shown for reference only, where the source covers it.
Cadence: Annual. Next annual vintage; date subject to Census release schedule.
Independence: Rank the States is independent. The agencies that produce the source data do not endorse these rankings.

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Rank the States. Population change, July 2024–July 2025. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025, NST-EST2025-ALLDATA; released 2026-01-27. Edition 2026-10-23. https://rankthestates.com/data/editions/2026-10-23/population-change.csv

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Updates and corrections

Last updated Oct. 23, 2026. Earlier editions stay available on the data page, and every change is listed in the update log. If a number or definition looks wrong, report an error with the state, value, and source you checked.

Related rankings

State distributions: each mark is one state, from lowest to highest. Each row uses its own scale.

Population

July 1, 2025 · Census PEP

39.4M California · highest estimate 02

Population growth

July 2024–July 2025 · Census PEP

1.46% South Carolina · highest estimate